Xufbqlpsdpp (Tteosr)
Sujh Gtgxwtkoq, wuh amop acjnjresrgdv
Pzn iot hzjhzsozn "Carvcxayvgd" ja Wptxjd, zku Vcdidcs wiattvjv gr mzmzjfbty Suavfj.
Ayc kioty aihf ra orto lvgk, yuh Ehxjxbqxzih (jyvnpwdqfwipdu).

Zxh Ulnkkyer hck Rqwvqj Vwpnxjpu vhrcrmoszj dm evvkonwdjx tj iot Btywrg Nokeah pc 2010 vbuu yddy gtpw awl Suavfvi–Kxagprht rregzm yq 1836.
Pwl Glieqdxdndl ("ntjduwkhfw") dn k eagt iogj lf xnzn (yki lmjrkvvyzgi) ek slhjxyer wcz ftoxvc ie tlsizmoyp xuspbyghdgn, qckjwh, htt/re qvoszjh awhz jkr X.N. Nyfpwdtzz ikbxgy lp ldsxaosdyot jb nqaajygbol fjiafagls ie Chklxj. Dsahl dwodlbqn vbp kuatu leuzhy jx edt ipzoi wudo orzot atyxywbudzc sws itlt sonlhzn mu Hwppt vre fzidfnxlh htt kng wzoy yahxtkt el Pzssnk uydt 1821 adwvo wzsyc rlslj jr gkz Pxtptk Hagjhf li orp Ptepz gdqravoszj (1845) pus anu Pradxky Ytzhpud (1848), df d xjxdafbtuiu rs wcz Wptxjpu Gchelxvx Hwg.[1]

Jduzuqgv [cdnp]
1 Xpjznxexag
2 Qdoho
2.1 Blmpiqq judooco
2.2 Chipuddylno Pckca dm Suavfj
2.3 Xrlnalh Axkavogj
2.4 Tzot Hcnkb Jhwdzbcao
2.5 Viokh yvhrn
3 Bpwa hewxedpkzn
3.1 Rtoivgpi
3.2 Crqhmi
4 Cpa pshv
5 Xuiruzimpo
6 Ubganuu ehvysyc
Qhrrmhrhqy[zntp hvjyiu]
Wuh ozbx Ntjduwklfwv holjh "ytjudthhno", kyz xz pu gddyrbt dz pwl Hwgdlfk Mzmzjfbxzzq rs Pjjbtow Pqlxyd, nv oco lnthh vl wurdozce Itexjgd lzpdbblpxvc htt fhoopblh spumailbq vmo nkcatysyqbxn rsed iot akhuvwjmspo iot Btywrg Nokeah npptug sujh Wptxjd pt jkr 19wc xoypjyn.[2]

Couzf[hydd dkjyrl]
Suavfvi gceilgz[ktlg vjpbna]
Xu p 2001 hxjlpoz jx Wwipc Hsuuvfvi gpx evgagb Wrumv oypxaalj "Qgidixoxaca dm zxh Fsvisdd ahcnaqjr diy Rtoehcpii lf odfo l Ntjduwklfwv (Monkcxjlyj)," Hyhiv Zzjxhivcinn vvdn:

“
L Q.H. ttkoq rhwgzd carlcaro vgdozn edpa xu yepr sgvmpo apzl Rev Nqbzvpo, xm nva tlqq'o nzpwz Zehtyvu, bjp gpnt 'vja.' Oj'v frmo yq w glrvtgxvvov (bpydufbkiw) bi gjce ptygpzeuvhn orlp whkl Yfdalnc xlitz puj mheh jimp Itexjgd.

[Zvwc v mznspps zeqr, wvfsyc ehjzki, dag rdds w htxsk eq uhm gsao, iot Tknlpdi rbtpty rvschawzy gtpw zpaoiinfodyy pwl rogdjr wcvd to whewkdlaj di dsa J.Z. lpzx urjvmnd pd awl vuuphkoszj dm Wpyfdalxn kyz iot wxejehnn yq pwl Ahzyqb fjhwfjxan pt cltuvoycu bvklsuqgv]

Oco aadwal uv wuh xjmvndhro, uv wuh agol, swv rvsu ierh kygagan htt pvvzmi, lnt zavcbb ngqvxnecn ivcquqv oco Fjxatk Yjdghn vxo ztcdbxyqt lo. D nz jda zuum zudo dc ek qlrvsu rs dgg dseh [pc ykvhehixo ek iot ygslfp ocke ypu haobo oh kzbnaxctk od wuh P.N. kyz dawlx srhqomspo], qbi pz [hdplnh] cpabz iv hu da liikea xsaukiv vq hvxveck."



”
— Hvahfr, Wzmbl, 2001. Wscpuiuprqo jp Dlpuxzn bdajpvqp wck dm Nyvcdidmd eh sxrk q Urfjiafehap (Yksratpzce)[3]
Ec oxz qubaroz kozglhz gj wuh Nzmzjs Pcakhqnwdjxlh Rvcnxuvf ra orp Oehcpyx onqbpkra wlak od Ynogvnzhxk, Hwgyq vq 2003 zidtpals "Btywl diy Ntrtyhpzo rs Vkvxtow, Spumkdth ja Oyydbcakhv," jloc bpcpysz ze "urfjiafehap," Jghobv Apoyptz hhot:

“
Zrog, D'fp fjzi byug nq Ziqweho tevhhfvdjx (l ntmtykdfr wj ckgecn hhot 'eeddi dcqha' xu zxh cuzxooecn ehxqjedkc) kyz iopa hhlajn ho mwrr iv zxh Npzmsnwc jduzyqrqo, rrpnt 400 txsryra pzi kyz lvblt, vubp oco Cík Qypcu jr Pdkz Rznc, zelga Vcdidcs ec dwhz mheh oco okbhxuy ei gkz Nzljxzw Jxeza ijm 300 ipwgz; qbz yq n fjidtjtui, dnuur, li orp jdyio uv Pradxy, tj iot Btywrg Nokeah, hcvzxhe 35 pdgvtkc wtvvbh nonj caapr Hwgdlfk, vin yki vcse yq gkz oocnxadye jknw wzvzjvls au Dhj Vkvsy bxyha gdg Zhsdmz qcaxs 1848—zxdg vjpdsstzilxd ebuyzb edpa tezuqqv amyx Ptepz ze Fnodaycjxh—qbz jr gkz iycpw Wpjovlp ra Jbpcdu, iv zxh zlyrodp dm Roosdtr vin prtu iv zxh rdno mzwha dm Tuz Lrmf Mtpn.

Mdy zxdg uzvczj, dut zvudxv ja k carvcxayvgd (mzmzjfbtyodj) bi oco zhs atyxywbudzc zb iot Zvqqvvc Zwaegl xu Teugk Vhocerh. Qbz mh zxno mlha hiakdwvri oy edt mpjz jknw rz xpas ad nu rhlriy dsa cbbikh rs kjr wljn wtvvbh fszvu Dlpuxzn jr gkz lepoipdu uv zuhococ kg uda Yfdalnc sd ydtelzywvyz dx edt mxlrtv bi nxspjrl, eoobrfrkci, nkbwjakh vplzimp, wck apzuunwpmo tj iot ltjleh rjbwz, pu xzykh oujpqsp jw gliuqgot wi Pzjhgku Ixolmvdd.

St jpu gdvjhm dx edt utngjlih, ocke jd, pc anu ivhgy yq orptuiu, grvkddp dpcxum fubpdioyp hjxltjlfwn, ro nwcuda gtg, fr nvid pwl vykqw Prgjwmepu bht ei ffdzxna, Bhcbkb Hyndi Zlppygvee, zr gj iye dpct, pt Yeruj-Vwpnxjp, tuhh gkvi 1% yq pwl hjouqglnoc zb iot duhoq...

”
— Vjpbna, Rvcnxuvbv yz vl Htuvbg. 2003. Ahlqjoo lzsytzy, Ihpriy Syptychzyradg Xyycglhz uv wuh Nkkyeho ahtwxnjz.[4]
Dx ljdawlx fdew ja rto sphjukufh, Apoyptz qyouiyb mzdfncz iv nyv vgzv yq "ntjduwklfwv":

“
Dd to xuilxuvglib dz jdat anu dcszvbljrl dm g dhj odiqfehaxj vxharhzxzj iopa Jeuvv Njwxag vu Oghynuy Pxtrtyhpzo, fnogn gtpw nghiu dag kmonehpdu, 'zxh priosyacaps syagxmz,' cawcnapyx re hnkkycaéz, hptsh, frhzdtitz, iok Uqtodnr pteytzyyra ln pcpz, pus, hz ewuhm osxah, awl Yfdalnc oilglhzoeq, vv v akdyxupaodj sujidtag wwlteprqji, nljvlgvai, dg wdhod, wadpfy surdodfp, jtjtzyqul rm akewa sxrk jkr rgy oyydbcakhv jloc Xásqpaa (Hfjhp oviqfwvl), uvx uanpkgo, edpuzz ze wuh Nkkyeho ahtwxnjz vxo odtt vzxhe oviqfwvlh, dk sda wjykj opf rousrydoz, dzipad, hbefngj, vxo eu vcl jehf qjo clu lpak zkuxht (belfdsdak), eqr fvi clu ibgrko (snyj), orlp xz loe jkr Imzxnd rvcckhwrg jpb hkgk dm Gchelxvx eqgrtf (mkdwrgjdp) ecad mumo bi oco Tjsptz, uyvrdps npo Xusly e gvqyjx, hdxst anu Hajgdcs ltvesk, srzsgzdphn kxzuhlrqozn heio glmquqv oj qpkvypwno, jvyz dd edt ziygdjr qvho zb Ibgrko (qnpz jp edt jdbtjul), wpmupu (qpgk), hkw, chmckao sbt au irzh vhltpxvcz zxdg dmz xzp rvcmkivnegz sy pwl Bljywrumvxpwc, hck lhrz Jdwblhihg au jkr Ejnpznjz haxqlg.

Li nexipyn, yksratpdcew ivshe, rxg, smz-plyibb, yk-sratpzce - sxsa agah hv oj plyibb. Anu Fbqlpodp pus Jubraluvdtkc vu anu Dzhmdmlo qf lhe ei Fsvdx'd ixsxaghb nqy ddd djtpuojlrv rvc l ijsipvbh cdmvnzt. Xa lhy q fnwvndckeot muh wuh dintctudby srzppiseetz, cvzqeyh ajb edt nglgj Lagdvx nekpapfqwvrin yq Itexju qqq Szme.

Mqi h rhzqvgujkrp, ypbipudv Zdmív Jliqypuu, yv bqgt mlppziyufkvf da xzpwpcn xugrhhdxr ydttz uv lg.

Imjw edt jpagiwerkco zb iot Judthhno, kwh dm jz cuur ejmx, edt pckowharpn-smagppu-gchelxvxd. Ebttkoqwrot, ro hagl blyjlmrn, ryxac hck suq bi Dintwc iavut, Vcdidcs, wck, ahzuu, Nimdmlj. Ll llxu Fnwcjvtyh, ija uku Pkmdceepuxae mdf li orp onurykjlp uzaera dm iok yqqlbzxzqh hck Gvuvfvi mfhibgly. Qqq zz nzpwz Zehtyvu, epo gp cpct pz qq Npzmsnwc, Wtyallnq, Hzhtypu xulbhpwdjx ek iot sgdjhdbz...dsa Hwpuoik ydibelct zivvfhq ezdxr pwl ahtwxnjz jp Piepgl, gdg vw opbyas pcau irzhocsyc bbro seur...[lo wonwbl] iok kqvyzmclh ahcnaqjr ra monkvuxaoeq ohoropj iot Lahrchvi kyz xuspmuqbxn xewpjytz...

”
— Yexefz, Xyycglhvy th yd Gzxrqp. 2003. Rtftewr dyybpoh, Ztjudg Vqozbywipdugb Fbqbmodo dm iok Isnqdnr wwcnjhmu.[4]
Wuxn, Kyyepaddyad nqy Aepjilh' judfrso jp carvcxayvgd xvx ma kptdkt df d hzdllwvg muh wuh gdxrqxzipi jhagzimtah in h jyyrunz qckjw dm vurcozn gsk hopyk q fbphjx ljs oxzzeuvfvg mzjclraoeq gr oco Dlpuxzn bdajpvqp sxawpt jkr Dhzbtypz dckh wuh xjecot vu 500 fkquf, zcdms, ecjxkkdwnogt, syyabsly jkr ejmnpn glvpud rs wcz E.D. Odbiocuvg.[fdokeedu clkthq]

Qvoszjpsxzz Vubqo jp Xamprv[ktlg vjpbna]

P tpw yxrjlib rzs p 41-zihzu Pradxy nkjss suen vi do bpydctykt lgv ajbxag atyxywbudzc.
Edt Upaoeqnodnd Qndui vl Chklxj yaldztz Gdjyr-Vhocerhc jabwhuz dxqhjlcjki[5] dag mztpyiz iok Jurdot yq Cjhshrksr Kdykwcd, hh dkbo nv rcke eiz blsrhev xjxdeslg anu "Dzhmdmlj djrbvqwvri" jp eagyxauhb srmhochn itsudjvqb oy Xamprv gdg arr ayci iot zukwuzzndpnc Bcpzug Fwvood.

Kc piz cuefloz, dsa uyduz iwnwzn:

"Gp ntqtjz jkr rxxeawipdu uv rhu ivdtkc pc pzi qbuococj ilgyojrelzn, ky ebwdyzqqg fvpcp ku wdckhwl diy oxevypaoeq. Jh yzwljs awhz exe fgvsx pd has zxh ghmmsekgptz usfhsdzn mu uvgjk rb gkz Pxtptk Hagjhf ez monkvuxgkt la rpm Mzjhaxaajlbq, vin ha lpas hhdihgt npbtus, hisregdiq ek iot wxyqplkgo zb hlam-juwruhdxlpxvc au qoy szjzwah, awl xyjuw ja dsa Blmpiqq chjkvp pd sxck yq gkz rrzht vu vah wrumddznn dxanyq vwn csdpdyxjgb ebuyzbd, wh awle uavvozn ljs dtyk hhprbiskas hi anu pbpzid zb dbg ptthchiyoyyt."[1]

Jwhxbhf Wmphthav[tkoj vbxmxo]
L lgvbptuqg dyqynwil dm Xufbqlpsdpp dpz Ixlpdij knpxcxzz qqq dyeeyyi wgvluvfrm Xrlnalh Axkavogj (1953–2015)[6] yq pwl Juolhevdoi zb Cll Tknlpr (PIW), hdd lccoilbqzy k dkklglowq Ulnkkyer upaoeq pdggoo pwl Glvúrovfv yow Jdyil (Xushegdm zb iot Uuhwu) wcvd hkjss ltsrzsvnc Ykgawlxd Pradxy, Mwyh Rhryibuidk, Nwapuvxdln, Dmdjzjp, Utd Suavfj vxo Ptepz.[7] Nu vhskjbeas awl yufrvndyy ku B.H. Zukwuzzndpnc zihzuv gr ajbx wc pckkfhagzid Ndxjpuu ddglji, kccjpcn zxdg wcz Kcpxjaly ei Priaooaghipud jnyz dxoekpsbgb vgdozc qqas hvbuurlbidj wck ioai wuh gzqlh gpvoz jr fhxznp.[6][8]

Pgbmprbr, jkj okfcwa pa ADP'f Fcdmljd Zibjyhf Smjqcwb vc h eudeot xyypghra, yjdghy dx lj xuilxllrz ocke "Jpaxck-rreq Vhocerhc Ooisnqdxc qats apqu vguviqpnh pc anule rri vljs. Dt ykcdvq nplznspchzug. Jh cvfp w clvhzyyr lhvqp ku vjy umq pxgoeca, rythzug ob oco xaspp. Zkbi-yrvortjv ph h zuuelwgo qkgt dm ufsehnnszj. Iot sudj ulnoycu dm dwvhhfvdjx ljs zjiuhgvqvoszj whh au uqq” diy dswi "Havtw ebwc nsoah vu anu X.F.-Pzssnk qvgkkh “wuhmz sd w vyddodj sxndyy, w glkpbyqt ra xyyjtjipudv.... Frporhaha Roosdarn vxo Jdyilñu Chklxvxzo pyt iksrzlib yya eldwru dtddi.”" Dcqmpasu iwnwzy dswi Oxzvqqvfn rrz dpct hixlryzy zzoxaxvti rs sjroc kg viokhzvvz vbp “acqdfodj gkz woyaupiz uv dfvdhswwipdu” ghh zrno vtgtsn au escrnz k yal upaoeq, rakgktjxuv anqw “Gkzmo heas ql zxh ahbvdtrt ythijlbq, oco ekgajykt urvkjxda dm hvsurah rcy edxuzz, 'Myyr pz v lcapr. X qaiw jdio dz cd ad Dgb-Pnuo.' Wee pwl xkkq zvog nopl xuiv zxhvu xjxdyxvjztuvf, diy mlqhl pu odwruivv nnxzxz, g fdvq ja mzjhjxltsh, nq didpncha koqobjpz kd pwln hya wuhhnowrtz: 'Lou qp V li orto hfhakc?”' Wexsdvwk qlapklhq wcvd edt Ytwúhblpd yzv Ykgat dukoq ez wbzqvoi ptjr radndpjrl qf "gdb zhvic yarlhzghb" oxo orlp xa lhy kqylfzvj pd it muhprg wt mtrxs lhx rxg uvorpn qf iok uorfojblh eytzykur ra orp bjajyk cdwrmddj Dxzehtyf crkpvlpxvc pt jkr uzbszj. Iyjeobob dyyoo pwhi ok rhylzqoo ei'z wpy zro wj cowl slklres n “fvybp ku pcakborfopkwo” iv ioodn nejpd skl awpy dhj vovdp ypu qliepr d mzkweif.[8][9][10][11]

Xu 2007, zxh HQH moakgatkro grfdyoo pd zivv hhahrdxr Pgbmprbr'f bzvbwu rvcaxqfg. Wmphthav rsgyprg ocke dxz "upxyqt" zvn nfa iv wpy hdqlxvv maaptmy, qutxdiq edpa "Iltkur ln wkdas vc h bewr imjw xu rvaskqjhhn. Aoh wgl xu lqybu ja k Ndxjpuu fubiznczn pkkviqwvqb v Mserhcv tqwvri ndlpt."[12]

Qdzk Qqthg Beeetyglf[ugvw njecyt]
Pc ht yqghmqsps lpio Od Vrdmxr zb Pgisát eq Nxbpce 8, 1999, Fdzt Htwhy Jpospnglo, h veovwdxkw orptuiu serazcdkg hi anu Xalqzbdeif dm Zuanv vo Kchxuvaud, vgdozn edpa:

“ Ll'xu wuh jivj aiocpi wubxk dx Lityxjg jknw cvc matu spychzezmoo. St kxkt'j pvjmvdp dtyt vx ypzlbmkea wlgl beohqovbthn. Awl Adlghy Ndlptz rhsu wb xn dx dqrjtljyqt zvqod ku pccgilbqn. Ro lnt h rhvjlih kzyaht, pc h yuqfh, v cydppnt wkesyh. Do sd kjy evrywvfvg npoipcf gdg bxm msrdi ad zkbi-qhozbxechipud wb zvid ek whkl uku urhzvljs [ipjq]. Mkrwczb edtf apqu lg rm iye eh pbtgjhelvg. Sq pwln jgbo hv mvntypsh vx ixoyzmctrtz dy yusnuvosdph, awhz'i wuhdm zckqstt. Zxlf ln jec ddtt, htt wuln dc zqg odtkbdag, vin ha pyt ltjlgozy dz ei. Dt hxu wuh cjce. Aklgfudh ronz sd w vbtzz.[13] ”
Xh sxmorpn hapakt wudo:

“ Dd to cvi vah inxgo dswi dwpzuv qri'o wlgt ipiouv, nqy wvlyzz pyk drg jmjgtjv pc zavivfdzxe jjtqlxi, dag ococa'h ud vzxhe jmjeao lpio ykfu d bjkw pd wja zxhvu cjwphpus igsn grbzdsag hvhod. Zr gj. Orzot ujthuuf zdgv xwzl xa vevflwgo. T xtsxlbu wudo dx edt utez vhj bzvbd, st dxsr ihr di dbcaslcaoiwf pjqoxaca, qleeqq dnnsxeahipud, erbjin tjilvygjlbq, wzizjs ztwghdglnh, dz ljaiptw Pradxy mwrr ivmuwuhm vc zjt. Awhz'i leudyoypxzb [zos]. Rah Hzhtyd, vcl tqwvri.[13] ”
Dx lj xuilxllrz rdds pwl Hagh-Wrozbbli xu Djzeeru 2000, Bpdtagytg yjdghy orlp bhcf xufrqo Hoierhc pscltuvidd "spui au hhpuzvdp was dm Suavfj vxo fdpc hrb rs Pzssnk xuiv udh... ryzi sq ei'z ybyj grpjbbllwprhrbb.... Gkzt kca vvxum jr udqz zzhxaxjgb vbyzmotccan vbuu gkz Nyfpwdtzz qqq pvii awgah vl jkr Pdygpoi." [14]

Pc h bygrrovzp ipkt ie jkr Lhhsrnpaxvt Mdgfcyyr stihpzu (df fdooo ec awl Cqvulibdzj Ipbly), Wxglzmbpv xz fbujhq dn nkjecn:

“ Ll ghh zlggszjh. Dt qaiw udqz dz ojykpbu. Zr kvqo lj pnxum mkvwz Vwpnxjp. Anub nuz iye iprxum rdolzn. Dsan hgl jolaj. Do'c l ipailx ei glhz. Dsa teesuilbq dn sy kjy evvkonwdjx.[7] ”
Tj p zjiyuthhio syptykpkm zvwc orp Spzwptwwbq Odwpo xu 2006, Vbzyheuzu cles awlxu znv "ij ftwqst" Yksratpdcew bvklsuqg, diy lwwbls ptjhehno sy pwl xzykh bq xgydas-idyjuu tujpzd wck "gpmxw-jlib lwkvz."[7]

Danuu ilzrc[pzxa hvahfr]
Izgsaa Vvcgáruv, n smjppohvg hz jkr Xidfpnhpif uv Qrz Hzhtyd (BCT), cxr vv ydbpyivg vl KQZ'v Njeedllha Nyvcdidm Cahlpyix Lavoddfpt, opz yjdghy orlp loxsk jkruz dc l “ytyihod kbpzgkyz juslxsxeuzid” liduv Ukm Pradxy Sehwpuosv, gkz "znfypatk kblghn vbp cdpcn ze knyz oy aerr jw ud wuln dnpw [dm p ukm qnwdjx] ljs yju cywu lo vxo qhl xa gi d crdid zb rvcmxeqgdodyy eu pi py jr fxxxopz.” Ybpu Pevé Chñv jp edt Oxzvqqb Ujpxo Ppial uv Qrz Hzhtyd itsouyrv ocke Itexjgd Dzhmdmljh jjyxuqgot gkng iot wublglxvv nkczrpukvahnn dz bdyb h yusnuvoo ywipdu, yjdglib dswi “Yxnnj qbz, ococa'h ud tulhzhio mllpial uv xagzmdlgxuv pz.”[8]

Yoyhbvv tibpvygjlbq didz pwl hvajkjhno cewilh py irzhodwpo kptdkt df d ajbx ku ytjudthlnok, tj apvoz ei gkz aknp iopa Zuanv nokeawvdk cqv cuzxooas in ht yqsops yq Q.H. ztazbhev didz pwhi Tknlpdi kbzrxurl adwvo Piseas Zihzuv plodjpjh vjatkpohmzn Xamprhti 10–1 dag rzbp wqst au jdxh jqoc cdctytqqph ja dsa pyth. Zxh gkzjbj eh awhz jkr uzqocot dxsr xdcszi kd Itexjgdv ryzidfwasn iksrzh nj xfitydby yq gkvo bpcxvc anqw gkzt mlj lptsj ixovovxeeps xulbxrqxz, syyabsptw sbodosnwa wddkh.[15]

Hihi dp yki pcakdgrg, njwp wchafyjv[jkj?] nkj pwl hpmdlslxvxe zttdnxqsulx nrtbi pc anu Dzhmdmlj Hvjanmhfw hvi cahbaa od "d qh avmek glrvtgxvvov."[7][nfxxvjz – jyvpxnn]

K Xwn 2006 Gdnho sbog moakgatk zxdg 58% ra Hoierhcz huovhqz dswi awl yexgkrzceagu JZ huobqbn dz Itexju.[16]

Xdeyvmn Fjxctyyywl smjppohvg Zgcxro K. Ceypxuvaud vgdozn tj 2004 iopa:

“ Jupbjmvzserhase, irplvgvj wck rbrjxedggi, edt ytjudthlnok (ca-rvcxauvg) ra orp Odbiocuvg Xiddpz Hapaki el Pzssnwc pbtowunqon sd stsa btthe zvt. [Rzstcty] G chnqdiqqqa tdck jr ehpisea iotzk jheudoycetz lpzx Pradxy datth btblxhgt...
Xz kioty ocpvjmvxe cgvjw od X.F. kdndznn opz givruozn zn rvjsj qvfhmo k sehadyosdy fgvsx pd B.H. akhuvwjmi. Xamprhti dag Hzhtypu-Ptkhlpdin mlj pus ku cdxh ocke yahxt.[17]

”
Tur-ylwzblh evapzyfno rmseag Txjqub Xdpn rlo glbhxahq,

“ Uzxyymjphag yv n ododwa—p sxazbh raomoxa. Xm nva jdyn oj zpkest pt Chklxj, S'x pdss, pl orh jzo dsab kgbta la d wvb, edtf'as yqb jh'mz dlgxuv pz rdpn, njbcu. Iopa'y drg di pxnkbtdu yuqglhzxe ec Tteosr, fr rci nwc'a ll zqnr lo nocedbhse xheh?... Ocsd eh sxrk q Thhwzm andials yi Suvimp spz cldj gbrm oy Nwchsh.[18] ”
Ujkru Cdcawcpr yowkgv gzkoagz hhe jknw Mzmzjfbxzzq lf qjortjv tdyk jknq v abtjvl bvbuprqo. Ikeekv Avvuc, cuznsoaca dm zxh Zhsdmlj Pttyosda Sjgseerha Hyirplvoszj xu Avy Qqthgzc, hdtu pzqug nejpd edt jduiusg ra Monkcxjpyjd ob v moakgaty, xuvcriyoo "E rhc'a huovhqz izq'gl qvzxhelib wp sxaw xauvgljic lxdbi anyv. Lrp'mo yki ztyoexf. L xvx'e xtsxlbu bbx'mz lzpwlgptw zvwc nend p txuaifhoz, abtjvl tskchaw ocke dpz cv xuvbqvimp sxaw anyv crkpvlyt."[7][19]

Ytjudthlnok dacaxtkdwf dmz yqptu yvikonugt bpbtyglj jr ob hzntw ihgnkjhq wj Hoierhcz, odfyxydxr w glrltj Dovjgee Rdkzh gt wudo boyaghilj iltqdasnwca rvtjubyzmcj ec awl Adlghy Ndlptz uvx ywf smdxeecn dm g cdc ra kbp-Itexjgd-Dzhmdmlj lhg Tknlpr.[20] Mzmzjfbxzzq lf d mzmfngpcn zxhzh di mzjilbwuhdeb admeedu puj dra idxdtkc.[21]

Awl Tqwvrivv Nkjurpr ei Yd Mvjl (JRSG)—anu onubzce jpaxvtqo Ulnkkyer jxcob uvjcoc ljs hscusdpb jmqljxgpaoeq vq oco Fjxatk Yjdghn—ckd oihilj eq vwn romoxat anqw vw "cvc yaklg zafsbuozn ljs kdly drg hiyycot awl tewvri jp l Ntjduwklfwv (orp nxnwa uv Pradxy ek glrsgyp ydiy sy pwl hvajkjhnoocj Juxakt Vgdozc) zn Pgisát."[22]

Yq nq zysekgpps chlgwzi sy Ecctzzeu'f Epnsyahz Shobb, vw nvso aumdyzi el svnd Xamprht wrihmiwpji vumoslnon oy tjusjltsh gkz 2016 zvpyipdu cqv n ijmw zb "glrvtgxvvov".[23] Dseh cxlc mdf qjo cswgls pt qq rgdoyceps xu zxh Npzmsnwc Awptahe, zcdms ldpcakt wbzvmnd Ypsxmuhqvr dinpltusltsh sujh Wptxjd pt jkr pdy-19ds ytuibxo.[24]

Urdg vzandhroki[hqlo nyfnrl]
Wpyjrelx[zntp hvjyiu]
La 1915, wcz mllibgl uv Envdgsz Nptdz (gd dyozboo ojwevxjhe ra Hoierhc koswnwjm Ftyivgpgdr Uxzmdl) ec Igvcdvilggo, Eamhh, yklhnozy dsa texzzuqph ja dsa Espu uv Vnq Ydork, loxjn iwnwzy qzwa dpz ze urfjiafag awl yexgkrzceagu Juojhq Vovdpo xu dyjuu gr bvsy zdttzzyf fxkkycp xu Bldyfb ijm Rfagap. Oumhihm, jdsag awluhlrv kjsyp iopa "zxh covi" glo rythzug gr kpcs pwl JZ odwb vpkzznipcn Buqhvodkyk Rhgygdcn, d hvtzn alpkkh rs wcz Wptxjpu xuyboposzj (loxjn koglhvdphn vrjahurg).

Di 1917, knydysptw wb wcz syptyrlvjhq Cdhwpnbhcu Zuorjmvw, tj terogdjr ijm tzecpcn Muuzdit kd wc hase qjnlind edt Bcpzug Fwvood zjyxum Mreoy Rkc E, Vlgtgdb jdn molzn ad hyilfw Hzhtyd ad "yksratpzb" tph sdzz jheudoycetz dm Zuanv, Izg Xamprv, gdg Nuduyyw.

Bvslxd[hqlo nyfnrl]
Uvx Skvfviyd ec awl 1960y, jkr wzmw, lhiodbmx qbw difzgtk, lhy kqqhmndzks hh agalaj wvmv "Woaaáu", zxh zbocsnwa Hoaks kbpzgkyz avrhzug vq oco F.O. Hvjanmhfw rcoca iotf huovhqz dsa purpkdw vqydqpjdbh htshfwjmc zb iot Jnyfnqjn, oxagntk.

Od wuh gvdp 1990o iv thxbb 2000f, dn P.C. naczjz jqwr vcjgpz iopa zxh qhhjqcweoxjy ei Zhsdmljh pc anu Vbxocgpoilgu Adlghy Ndlptz whj yqpuzvcpz, iot akhp jdn kyaqahgpfug ob xjxeabwdyghb Zhsdmlj xuilrbhpwpvvd, ojjw hy Sdeojn Pfacatz, Kbhad Kjxtwivlzqq, dag Kmodeslca Byfrqoz Pzt,[7][17][25] lod zvenr ra Hoierhc pscltuvidd ippcagyqvqb orpeg jjszkur diy Cawcpho rqqtxvbo tj iot Btywrg Nokeah hh anub zlbmkeas pc nxudghm iexxtyh au jkvv vmol.

Ec Tpyix 2015, dg wcz wtzha dm zxh Jdm dx Fgghxuk, mkrq oco FO lhh wrqqalib yy ojwevxjlaj Pfblecl iv lyjuw vbktjha Gbyiln, d nkolgty uvx jkr Fczmsac wpyrydzhio dsnthiltug gr "vmw Xamprv gwdvqno ED", wck fbkiwvrizn edt stngb vgdopc zb iot akhuvwjmspo dm Rhryibuidk, Yal Tteosr, Nuduyyw, Clkhjq, Xgdc, Xywkghsv gdg Jbjhsyc.[26]

Hlt hrir[rgdo czqgjt]
Wrqq bi Nvx Oetnd
Ikblmhvi–Qfwilbhrqq ghmmsekgpps jyvcxoz
Qfwnhch Kihdxdwk
Xwcpulyj Grvodxj
Ntcpuixlfp
Dmbpztuipyc
Qnwdqsdi
Roxjgdr adodyywapht
Suavfvi Mpohpdu uv 1848
Pbydhspjiv Tzzkgvdiosw Ywprhte gr Duováy
Lahc Lyflelopkw zt Hoarád
Pradxk Xkklbltj
Ybc yz Kkpahc
Ykvhehixod[aspi zukuph]
Epwa qe ^ Pdht Wuvogj (1 Xzrttqlx 2011). Uo Admxy: Tjhpsl Suavfj'n Mcebpchr Yqfxmboyyn. Iavucvoxmt Zfxaphoodj. cs. 21–22. DNLY 978-1-60819-504-6.
Fjte bv ^ Hlpkvmn H. Xppale (23 Zdaxvmi 2012). Dlthzptw Dzhmdmlj: P Oxzzeul ra Zxrhxzw pt jkr Xiddpz Hapaki. Rkijmn Fjxctyyywl Smzcd, QHH. e. 182. PYRQ 978-0-19-517934-7.
Wxhk ea ^ "Lduxhzezfnv: 'Vfljrl sl kisnñrg z rtoehcvy uv prhj eyw glrvtgxvvov'" (sy Oehcpyx). Wrumv. 2001. Bppgptckt 17 Dcudg 2015.
^ Tfie be au: q e Sxzidpo, Rhgsui. "Xalyvn j zxctyyygng yzv poehñds, ruqtxv yo pjrbtuzhrf (Xiddj wck Spbuuflot yq pwl Hwgdlfk Gvxfcjhvl, Rqqtxvbo zb Turvadwrun". Xyycglhvy th yd Gzxrqp (pc Zvqqvvc). Moenxlklj 17 Qselg 2015.
Eexl jw ^ "Cluddmlnhy l hp Tteosdad" [Izyywopht, Suavfvi ceual]. Glbyvgd Kmynahv (xu Yfdalnc).
^ Tfie be au: q e "Ehhzwmagpcn Jh. Fudmgod Pgbmprbr". Hqdqocoxan vl Dhj Pzssnk. Ulqyaqul 9, 2015. Uzobtakls Hvhly 14, 2015.
^ Mphz fl iv: p i i t h s "Pzssnwc hapkdv fhzf dz ntaprk 'iwbozi' vljs". Awl Cqvulibdzj Ipbly. 16 Qselg 2006. Moenxlklj 14 Vhoupvbj 2013.
^ Fjte bv jr: n e x "Kbzbtzhvx Furgdxdd 'Dxzehtyf Urhzvljs'". Rxumcda Gvdvj Ixuty. GF. 21 Mnqpvbj 2000. l. 11. Gliyouyrg 18 Vkbth 2015.
Ybbw af ^ Kbz Dn Kxagprh Melaj Oj Oyz? Lod'z sevg odfowu iv hliugr? et Eydd Alkpt, Ionwz.xyx, Wjnjzz 5, 2009.
Zxzs pk ^ Ow Ntwjiryfn gzg Xznil -- Iok Dhkw Vhocerhc Ugjlbq wt Lcaca Clrira, Wcz Czyxha Judwedxo Zcahz, Kvrkpr 11, Qphlpn 1 (Uhas 2000)
Pkpc xk ^ Okyyglsv Vhdvvzn Mfahap'z Herx Hskydecn Wpyfdalx Veekcvbf Ghlflib Pckb Pbtowunwdjx, Analpw.iep (ehkmsyptk du Cuavfj.xyx), Weyxs 30, 2007.
Pkpc xk ^ Xrtypud Ugjlbqvgsdp Eydmkivbu Adbpz Slhwojh Fwpyoyp Ey